Author: Wael Hikal. President
Mexican Society of Criminology Chapter Nuevo León, AC
The essential feature of antisocial personality disorder is a pervasive pattern of disregard and violation of rights of others, which begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood. Along with these features will accompany a series of components that make it extremely cold in the crimes or committing anti-social behavior, such as self-centeredness, lability, aggression and emotional indifference. He is self-centeredness is the overshoot exaggerated his own personality, considered the center of attention all the time and situation, labile is something that slips or slips easily aggression is a basic force inherent in man, is a normal feature man with positive and negative values, and emotional indifference is the lack of feeling, is the distortion of expression of emotions.
1. Introduction
This bears out the description of antisocial personality disorder, present in the majority of offenders with a life continuous tort, by minors, does not address the issue because of its size, but broadly speaking, is to represent the same, is a criminal in training if not controlled in time, your character will overflow. Subjects with antisocial personality disorder can not adapt to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors disregard the wishes, rights and feelings of others, often deceive and manipulate in order to get personal profit or pleasure.
2. Defining the field of study
It is clear that corresponds to Psychology and Psychiatry, the study and diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder present in most adult offenders in the case of minors disorder called, not having a distinct personality yet. For years the two disciplines have been concerned to address this problem, but now, where the crimes require more explanation, we must also integrate the contributions that can reach to other areas such as criminology, sociology, biology, among others. For further
a bit in this field is necessary to know the following: antisocial personality has also been called "psychopathy, sociopathy or antisocial personality disorder" in general, is any behavior that goes against the social order, destroyed, as noted Garofalo (2005), shows indifference and lack of remorse to cause damage, or not given any explanation or amended to anyone for their behavior, no feelings of empathy or respect or as he called them: feelings of probity and piety . Important
know the description of this disorder, and the American Psychiatric Association, explains:
The essential feature of antisocial personality disorder is a pervasive pattern of disregard and violation of the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood.
This pattern has also been called psychopathy, sociopathy or antisocial personality disorder (...). To be able to establish this diagnosis the individual must have at least 18 and have a history of some symptoms of conduct disorder before age 15 years (...). Subjects with antisocial personality disorder can not adapt to social norms regarding the behavior legal. Can repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest (which may or may not occur) as the destruction of property, harass or rob others or engage in illegal activities. People with this disorder disregard the wishes, rights and feelings of others. Often, cheat and manipulate in order to get personal profit or pleasure (eg. To obtain money, sex or power.) Can be repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning others or simulate a disease. It may reveal a pattern of impulsivity with an inability to plan ahead.
Decisions are made without thinking, without preventing anything and without considering the consequences for a herself or others, which can cause sudden changes in work, place of residence or friends. Subjects with antisocial personality disorder tend to be irritable and aggressive and may have repeated physical fights or commit acts of aggression (including spouse abuse or child) (...). These individuals also show a reckless disregard for their safety or that of others. This can be shown in your driving (recurrent speeding, driving while intoxicated, multiple accidents). Can engage in sexual behavior or substance with a high risk of harmful consequences. Can neglecting or abandoning a child care so you can put that child in danger.
Subjects with antisocial personality disorder also tend to be continuous and extremely irresponsible. The irresponsible behavior at work can be provided for significant periods of unemployment while having opportunities to work, or the abandonment of several jobs without realistic plans to get another job. There may also be a pattern of unexplained absences due to illness of the individual or family. The economic irresponsibility is indicated by acts such as late payments on debts and lack of maintenance of children or others who depend on them regularly. Individuals with antisocial personality disorder have little remorse for the consequences of their actions. Can be indifferent or give superficial explanations for offending, mistreated or stolen from someone (...). These people may blame the victims for being foolish, weak or poor deserve their fate, they can minimize the unpleasant consequences of their actions or simply show a complete indifference. In general, do not give any compensation or redress if anybody behavior. They may think that everyone strives "to serve the number one" and that one should not stop at nothing to avoid being bullied.
3. Factors as antisocial personality
The study of the causal factors of crime emerged as a measure to establish adequate prevention, which will take place knowing the root causes of personal and social root causes. David Reynolds (2004, p. 6) states:
Rather than projecting the annihilation of man offender, rather than exacerbate the preventive measures to mutilate, criminological studies tend to penetrate the criminal personality to detect the causes of crime and power program, through the Criminal Policy. Adequate and efficient for prevention and avoidance of crime, but not at all be achieved at least reduce it as much as possible.
Pathological Psychology in Medicine and the goal is to find the causes of disease and / or disorders, in the case of psychopathology, studies, maladaptive behaviors, antisocial and delinquent in their causes, is to provide an orderly description of all irregularities of conduct, whatever may be their degree of severity, classifying them and trying to explain how they appeared. You may also be found under the name of Criminology Multifacorial etiologically.
Zaffaroni (Aniyar De Castro, 1999, pp. 185 and 186) notes that: "Newton could not think of showing that apples fall down, it was obvious. I had to discover, rather, what was the law that explains why they fall."
is also interesting to analyze the process of the road to crime, that is, if it is seen that the company is guiding the lives of people, study The items found in this and that lead individuals to the crime, for example, a person born in a poor environment, where it will be difficult to study a profession, that their lives are in a small space with great family, a dangerous neighborhood, what future can you predict that person?, on the other hand, a person develops in an environment where gangs, drug addiction, promiscuity. Another case, a child whose father has no education, is rude, aggressive in their daily behavior, alcoholic, what living conditions you can give your children? Among many others, the key will be to see that process in which the individual offender was the victim of social conditions, family members, among others, if a male child was raped or abused as a child too and in his teens and / or adulthood becomes in male, abusing women, beating, or otherwise, homosexual, prostitute, thief with customers ...
regard, Barraza Pérez (2008, p. 5) states:
is necessary to address this issue since in most cases The offender has previously been a victim, then people can be victims based on age, sex, spirit and mental disabilities mainly because qe these characters contribute to the offense, but are not limited as they also found among others natural or technical environment.
The study of the factors that influence antisocial behavior arises from the need to know what criminogenic influences determine a state. This found that the large number of circumstances that surround people at one time, as developers can influence the antisocial, this has been studied by observations and experiments, and verified by statistical studies, resulting in the antisocial behavior vary in proportion to the circumstances surrounding environment as subjects.
During the clinical investigation of antisocial personality criminology must approach elements related to the subject's behavior to guide us on the concept of knowledge, the reasons that cause their behavior, and thus achieve a comprehensive understanding.
The personality of the individual develops through the continuous integration process that owns the selection, ie, the acceptance of some elements and rejecting others. This process necessarily leads to the development of conflict, as the individual tries to acquire certain materials that refuses to provide environmental and reject others that the media forced him to admit. If the body is unable to cope these conflicts, the subject withdraws, or use violence develops alternative compensation, if not integrated into the total personality, appear as symptoms of dissatisfaction, frustration and in some cases anti-social.
It follows that the individual element must be motivated by the social element, and the sum of these two elements is antisocial behavior. When the subject has one or more internal and external factors as they relate to one or more social factors, there is interaction and that is how antisocial behavior begins. A social element psychologically influences the subject to take into antisocial activity. It would be very rare case in which a person has no contact with society, and if so, this person would be aggressive, rejecting the influence of society because it was isolated.
4. Components of antisocial personality
These components are (Landecho, nd): selfishness, aggressiveness, emotional lability and indifference.
Egocentrism is the overshoot exaggerated his own personality, considered the center of attention all the time and situation. The subject is worried about him and often indifferent to others.
antisocial subjects often lack empathy and tend to be insensitive and shameless disregard the feelings, rights and terms of others. They may have a concept of vanity and pride themselves (think that certain things are not his height) and may be too stubborn and independent. For
aggression, Roberto Tocaven (1991, p. 62) provides information on the subject and points out that "aggression is a basic force inherent in man is necessary for its survival, is a normal characteristic of the man with positive values \u200b\u200band negative. " Antisocial subjects tend to be irritable and aggressive, and may have physical fights or repeated acts of aggression to anyone. Labile
is something that slips or slips easily. A labile person is unstable, shaky in his character. Indicates that its mode is unstable with respect to emotions and their change of partner, work, place, etc.
antisocial in the subject, lack of fear of punishment is because you do not see the future clearly, they see the punishment as far, they are sliding. Antisocial subjects can not adapt to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors standards are slipping. It may reveal a pattern of impulsivity with an inability to plan ahead. Decisions are made without thinking, without preventing anything and without considering the consequences for oneself or others, which can cause sudden changes in work, place of residence or friends.
emotional indifference is the lack of feeling, is the distortion of expression of emotions. It is also known as affective flattening, lack of emotion or inhibition of emotions.
The characteristics presented above are usually together or overlap, often a result gives another, therefore, the student should not be confused and egocentric to realize that she is incapable of feeling for others and that causes lability disregard certain things. Most disorders affect the same areas of activity or feelings of the individual, do not stick to a fixed pattern, because criminology is not accurate as it is not psychology or psychiatry.
Conclusions
In general, personality disorders affecting cognition (ways of perceiving and interpreting self, others and events), the affectivity (the intensity, lability, and appropriateness of emotional response), interpersonal activity and impulse control. Being the boss antisocial behavior one of the most problematic of all (within the personality disorders) may have features of other disorders, for example, the paranoid distrust and suspicion, isolation and indifference of schizoid change partners frequently and as the clerk or the limit, the egocentric and narcissistic lack of empathy or histrionic, among others. To understand and treat this problem and get crime prevention must act on personality.
References
Barraza Pérez, R. (2008). Juvenile delinquency and gang . Mexico: Porrua.
Elbert, CA (ed.). (1999). Criminology XXI Century in Latin America , Argentina: Rubinzal-Culzoni.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (2004). Madrid: Elsevier Masson.
Landecho Velasco, CM (nd). Criminological Clinic Notes . is Madrid: Institute of Criminology, University of Madrid.
David Reynoso, R. (2004). Notions of Criminology and Criminal Law History . Mexico: Cardenas Editor and Distributor.
Tocaven García, R. (1991). Elements of Criminology Children and Youth . Mexico: Porrua.
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